Chemistry IA design format Essay Example for Free

Chemistry IA design format Essay 1.0.1- Focus Question- If the mass of magnesium reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed will the temperature of the solution increase and the total mass decrease. 1.0.2- Hypothesis- If the mass of magnesium that is reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed the temperature of the solution will increase and the total mass will decrease. 1.0.3- Theory- The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric reaction is written as follows, Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) (Ng, 2008, pg 1). This reaction goes through two distinct changes that both have an effect on the energy change in the reaction. Enthalpy refers to changes in energy in a compound (Assut, 2008, pg 1). Two distinct changes can occur. An endothermic change occurs when the energy being absorbed is grater then the energy being released whereas and exothermic change is when the energy being released is greater than the energy being absorbed. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken and energy is released when they are formed (Newton, 2008, pg1). Energy change cannot be directly measured. However energy change affects the physical force of heat. Therefore a heat change is indicative of an energy change. If the heat increase in the solution the change will be exothermic and if the heat decreases the reaction will be endothermic. In respects to the formula Magnesium forms an ionic bond with chlorine to form the salt magnesium chloride. When this bond is formed energy is released in the form of an endothermic change, this energy drop would be quite small however because the bond is ionic and does not take much energy to create since magnesium and chorine bond easily. However the second change is that hydrogen breaks off from chlorine in the hydrochloric acid and hydrogen is released as a gas. The breaking of bonds would absorb energy therefore forming an exothermic reaction. Hydrogen and chorine however form a very strong covalent bond. Covalent bonds form between atoms with similar electronegative forces and are there for take a lot of energy to break ( Anissimov, 2008, pg 1) Since the endothermic change is weak and the exothermic change is strong it can be predicted that the overall change will be exothermic and therefore the solution will heat up. Temperature change in a chemical reaction can be measured with a device known as a calorimeter. A calorimeter measures the heat of the solution before the reaction has occurred and then again after the reactant has been added (Whel, 2008, pg 1). These two values can be mathematically manipulated to find the relative change in temperature. If two of the same substance have different masses it means there is more of the one substance. In a mass of a substance there is a certain amount of material that can be reacted. By increasing mass the amount of substance that may be reacted increases. Therefore if mass increased the amount that of substance reacted will increase as well providing there is enough of the reactant. This will in turn increase the energy change. Also if more of the substance reacts with the reactant more of the reactant will be used up. This means that if the magnesium is increased there will be more reaction with hydrochloric acid; this means that more hydrogen will be released as gas and the total mass of the solution will decrease. Henceforth the change in heat should be greater if their entire solution is lighter as more of the hydrochloric acid has been reacted and hydrogen lost as a gas. Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) Mass will change for each sample, sample range will be 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10g This will be calculated by subtracting the final heat of the solution by the initial heat of the solution. The data will be gathered by using a calorimeter This will be calculated by measuring the weight of the solution and subtracting the weight of the calorimeter and the magnesium. The original mass not including calorimeter and the magnesium will then be subtracted by this value to mind the change of mass in the solution. The temperature of the solution will be heated to 25c and the reaction started immediately. The room temperature will be controlled at 24c The volume of hydrochloric acid will be 40mls per sample. A 50ml calorimeter with electronic thermometer and a scale with milligram accuracy. The experiment will be ended when reaction is fully complete and reaction will be given 10 seconds to calibrate before results are taken Standard 5 replications of each sample will be performed. 1.1.2- Control used in comparison- The reacted samples will be compared against hydrochloric acid with no magnesium that is also 25 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature remains constant there should be no energy or mass change, this would mean that on a graph this would represent a straight line which others samples with energy changes (heat changes) could be compared to. Ng, H.N, 2008, Acid reactions, Vat.Gov.Un, Accessed 21/08/09, http://vat.maharashtra.gov.in/communicationcenter/QueryAnswerSubjectwise.php?start=3090&subId=0000000007. Asset, M.A, 2008, Chemical Enthalpy, Nasa.gov, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/enthalpy.html Newton, R.N, 2008, Energetics and bonding, Unknown sponsor, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.webchem.net/notes/how_far/enthalpy/enthalpy_diagrams.htm Anissimov, T.A, 2007 Chemical bonding, Simon Frasier University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/ Whel, L.W, 2006, Calorimeters, Stanford University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors/calorimeters.html The procedure of this experiment is a adaption of a previous class experiment. The source of the procedure is unknown, so thanks to Miss Crook for the inspirations for this design. Chemistry IA design format. (2017, Nov 16).

We spend too much on education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

We spend too much on education - Essay Example Assuredly, the returns to education are currently higher than they were a few years ago. However, to acquire this education, the government is seemingly spending more when compared with the efficiency it derives. Indeed, various costs relate to the acquisition of education. Nevertheless, the amount we spend on education does not seem to correlate with the value of the resulting credentials. As such, this paper shows that we are currently spending too much on education. The federal government and the American taxpayers are already feeling the pressure of financing education in America (Whybrow, n.y). Indeed, in its quest to provide education to its citizens, the federal government using taxes subsidizes costs on research, tuition, offers student’s loans, and scholarships (McArdle, 2012). In the recent years, these costs have been increasing as seen in the country’s education budget. Indeed, the education sector currently takes one of the biggest chunks of the national budget as the federal government, the taxpayers struggle to keep up with the increasing number of students, and the costs related to education. Notably, the eminent struggle to finance education shows that the results of previous financing have no capacity to support modern education. As such, we can confirm that the federal government and the taxpayers are spending too much on education. At the same time, Americans seeking to acquire higher education at the universities and colleges are currently paying a lot of money towards this venture. Indeed, such students or their parents have to pay accommodation, library, transport, alumni donations, tuition, research, private scholarships, and other costs related to quality education (McArdle, 2012). In fact, by 2011, an average college student would spend about $ 17,000 a year while those who opt to take the government’s education loans accrue about $ 23,000 a year (The New York Times, 2011). These figures have risen in the recent past and

Shaping a Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Shaping a Life - Essay Example The realization came to me that I have lost a lot of time and that I was not getting any younger. I felt the need for a purpose for living so I decided to make things better by being focused of what I want to achieve in life. Things begun to change as I gathered myself up with my social life improving by the day, recuperating the self-esteem I have lost when I was walking without direction. Hard times pushed me to find comfort in relationships but the contentment I have been looking for was never satisfied so that finding the man who later became my husband gave me a fresh hope on love and life. I finally learned to trust a man on a deeper level where I know my respect to a person is equally reciprocated, making my marriage to my husband another big event in my life that has left an indelible impact. November 17, 2005 is a day to cherish for me and my husband exchanged vows on this wonderful day and wonderful things just kept coming. As we expressed our love to each other, our greate st blessings have been showered upon us in the coming years. My husband and I now have two beautiful children whom we cherish. As for me, their birth has been life changing. It made me feel a greater sense of value, leading me to reset my priorities. I can now say I am a mother full of love that I could shower upon my children and husband, making sure they will always be assured of the support and love expected from me.

International Marketing and Real Estate Research Paper

International Marketing and Real Estate - Research Paper Example Concept of Social businesses The actual concept of a social business entails the establishment of an entity that has a social objective, rather than a financial objective, although it applies a business model to generate the necessary resources that will help it achieve the social objective. Nevertheless, Social businesses are different from the Non-profit businesses and the Not-for profit organizations in that, while the Non-profit business depend on outside funding to be able to accomplish their social missions and objective, the Social businesses operate under a self-financing mechanism, meant to generate moderate profits, which then helps the business to expand its social offerings and reach more of the recipients in the society (Bari, 116). Thus, a social business eliminates the burden of dependency of financiers, donors, charity, and well wishers, to place the responsibility of meeting certain designated social objectives on its shoulders, through generating moderate profits th at enables it to achieve the social mission. Simply put therefore, the fundamental differentiating characteristic for Social businesses is that while other business and organizations with a social objective can be funded by philanthropy and government, Social businesses are self-sufficient and self-sustaining (Alter, 46)2. History of Social businesses Charity, philanthropy and social assistance are concepts that are as old as the history of human being. Man has always engaged in supporting the plight and the needs of the others, starting from the family level up to the highest levels of societal needs. This has been achieved through charity and donations, and mainly through the works of philanthropists. However, in 1974, the actual concept of Social businesses was born and actualized, through the idea and effort of Muhammad Yunus (Yunus, 44). In 1974, Bangladesh experienced a terrible famine, which has come to be referred as the Bangladesh famine of 1974. During this period, the cit izens of this country suffered much, and needed a system that would revive them, and enable them to earn a descent living. Looking at the conditions of predatory lending that existed in this country where the lenders only extended loans to the borrowers under high interest rates making it difficult for the borrowers to prosper in their investments, Yunus developed the concept of lending to a group of poor villagers who could not afford to repay interests on loans, so they could start small businesses (Yunus, 27). The concept was operated with the borrowers repaying the loans granted to them at very low interest rates, which could then be loaned to more others. This was meant to create a system of self-sufficiency, where the lender could not depended on the donors and other funding from the government and organizations, to run the

Do High-Stakes Assessments Improve Learning Essay

Do High-Stakes Assessments Improve Learning - Essay Example 5), of which high-stakes assessment was deemed crucial in improving student achievement and learning. However, various studies have revealed contradictory results regarding its effect on students’ academic performance. Do High-Stakes Assessments Improve Learning? One, therefore, contends that high-stakes assessment does not improve the overall achievement and learning of students. Proponents of high-stakes assessment argue that â€Å"when faced with large incentives and threatening punishments, administrators, teachers, and students, it is believed, will take schooling more seriously and work harder to obtain rewards and avoid humiliating punishments† (Nichols, Glass, & Berliner, 2005, p. 1). ... ssessments implemented in various educational institutions throughout the United States have apparently generated contradictory results (Nichols, Glass, & Berliner, 2005; Amrein & Berliner, 2002). The study conducted by Nichols, Glass, & Berliner (2005) revealed that â€Å"there is no convincing evidence that the pressure associated with high-stakes testing leads to any important benefits for students’ achievement† (p. iii). This finding was corroborated in the study made by Amrein & Berliner (2002) which disclosed that â€Å"there is inadequate evidence to support the proposition that high-stakes tests and high school graduation exams increase student achievement. The data presented in this study suggest that after the implementation of high-stakes tests, nothing much happens† (p. 57). A closer evaluation of the reasons why high stakes assessment do not seem to apparently improve learning since high-stakes assessment were reported to be closely linked to ‘ pressure’ that contributes to an apparent temporary or superficial increase in academic achievement ratings. As emphasized by Supovitz (2010), â€Å"high-stakes testing does motivate educators, but responses are often superficial. In the best cases, high-stakes testing has focused instruction toward important and developmentally appropriate literacy and numeracy skills—but at the expense of a narrower curricular experience for students and a steadier diet of test preparation activities in classrooms, particularly in low-performing schools, which are the targets of test-based accountability† (par. 10). This fact was supported by Nichols, Glass, & Berliner (2005) who indicated that â€Å"high-stakes testing pressure might produce effects only at the simplest level of the school curriculum: primary school arithmetic,

Quality Customer Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Customer Service - Research Paper Example It would tell the individuals concerned that the organization looks after them and wants to give them what they deserve the most – impeccable service that is of serious quality. This paper shall discuss the five significant techniques which play a role at implementing superior service quality within organizations and which have remained as a metaphor beyond despair in the present times as well as the times to follow. These five techniques that are deemed as pivotal here comprise of winning with the customer, showing a positive attitude, identification of the customer needs, providing for the needs of the customers, and lastly making sure that the customers come back for more sales that shall benefit the organization in the long run. One must remember that these five techniques include a number of other sub points as well which shall be discussed within the entirety of this paper here. To start with, the first technique to achieve and implement superior service quality is that of winning with the customer which takes into account the determination to make it happen for both the organization and the customer in essence. It is imperative that the organization which is imparting superior service is winning right next to the customer himself. How this will happen is something that shall have to be comprehended properly. First of all, quality customer service needs to be identified and its description is made note of (Lin, 2011). When this has been done, the next step is to be aware of the fact that the end customer gets the satisfaction that is asked of the entire premise. If this does not take place, customer satisfaction has failed to fulfill its role and there are other avenues that need to be touched upon to reap success under such domains. The reasons for service quality’s importance are discerned as to whether they shall uplift the business in financial terms or provide relief in the wake of bringing in serious sales returns. The second technique is to demonstrate a positive attitude. It is because a positive attitude is the basis of solving half the quandaries that are related with customer service. If the organization wants to achieve supremacy within such departments, positive attitude is the solution to make it happen. Being an optimist always creates more room for understanding, especially on the part of the customers who are always looking for answers that would satisfy them in entirety. It is important however that the service levels communicate the best possible image no matter how difficult or trying the circumstances turn out to be. With that being done, staying energized all this while; while the service quality levels are being ensured refer to success within such realms. The third technique is to identify the customer needs. What this means is that this technique brings the customers in direct communication with the service team as to how the actual problem will be given a remedy that shall solve it in the firs t place (Martin, 2009). This will also aim to study the inherent areas where basic needs are understood and then worked upon to bring about a solution for the end customers. It is quintessential to stay one step ahead of the customer requirements and to fulfill them through a proactive approach, which is

Solid Waste and Recycling Essay Example for Free

Solid Waste and Recycling Essay Over the years, the demand for effective solid waste management and recycling has drastically risen. This has mainly been due to the fast changing methods of consumerism and drastically increasing populations of towns with time. Lack of long term focus has greatly contributed to the menace as the urban systems are highly dynamic and require visionary establishment that project into the future. The problem has also been exacerbated by poor technology adoption that is necessary for ensuring solid waste is effectively treated. Besides, modern planning systems require greater attention for recycling necessary for ensuring least pollution of environment while maximizing the utility of available materials. Failing to plan has been considered as major step in planning to fail in offering the necessary management of wastes in the major cities (Wilson et al, 2004). Most often, the term solid waste is used to denote municipal solid wastes which include all the wastes that are in non-liquid form generated within an urban setting. They mostly include domestic wastes from the residential areas, business and commercial centers, industrial centers and construction regions within the town jurisdictions. Recycling on the other hand involves focus on the already produced wastes to increase their utility (Eugenie, 2008). It is aimed at bringing different materials back in a useful format though mostly different from the previous one. Urban planning and management interlinks the two concepts as they are directly dependent on each other for effective treatment and management. This paper evaluates solid wastes and recycling as major considerations in urban planning. As a result, it extrapolates solid wastes management aspects necessary for consideration during urban planning. Acting as a structural system, the paper examines the waste stream from production up to disposal with appropriate planning aspects at each stage. Using examples of major cities and towns, effectiveness of solid waste planning and management systems are compared for efficiency. Besides, the paper also explores the possible planning and recycling techniques for solid wastes in the urban areas. In the conclusion, the paper gives recommendations that can be assumed by various urban planners and managers to effectively manage and recycle their wastes. Overview and statistics In US, over 500, 000, 000 tons of solid wastes are generated annually by urban centers. However, only 35% of this waste is recycled while the rest is disposed off. These indicate a strong increase in the recycling capacity of 8% since the year 1990. However, the quantity indicated is much lower as Environmental Protection Agency does not take into consideration of the incinerated solid wastes and that in the illegal landfills. Besides, this waste usually excludes health wastes which are categorized as hazardous wastes. Waste production has been increasing steadily since the onset of industrial revolution. About 0. 979 tons of wastes are disposed annually per person by the US population (Eugenie, 2008). However, the mode of handling the wastes differs greatly as states and towns have varying leadership and management as well as budgetary allocations. To add to that, the attitudes of the people in the major towns determine the suitability of the recycling processes thereby effectively contributing to the sorting out of the solid wastes for recycling process. Majority of the US cities and states have been exporting their wastes to other regions for treatment and disposal. On average, Pennsylvania exports 9,764,000 tons, Virginia 3, 891, 000 tons, Illinois 1, 548, 000, and New York 5, 600, 000 tons. Though this trend has been greatly criticized, it is considered as a better option since majority of the states and towns lack the correct facilities to treat and dispose off their wastes safely (Eugenie, 2008). Solid waste collection and transportation Arguably, town planning has diversified from the previous architectural focus to include new aspects of waste management that have become part of the same entity. Production capacity of an urban center is highly dependent on different factors that must be considered when drawing the management plan. Cognizant of the expansion capacity, the town must be fully equipped to collect various wastes produced in its jurisdictions. As the first step ample means of classifying the production regions and categorization of the same waste must be set in place. This role is usually taken by the Solid waste management departments of the urban managements. Collection of solid wastes acts as one of the most important initial stages as it prevents spread of the same wastes in the areas of production. To effectively manage collection of wastes, Loss Angeles, San Francisco and London have established cooperative mechanisms where they link with the private sector for the collection purposes. However, the private sector operates in a business model that may at times harm the residents of the different cities through increased taxes. Of greater importance, is the transport system for the collected wastes in different regions which has been accused of spreading the wastes collected along the transportation routes. Urban planning for solid wastes should always apply the principle of proximity choice which requires that wastes are treated and/ or disposed at the nearest possible point to reduce transferring related problems to other regions. Transportation for solid wastes should always be carried out in fully enclosed systems as different materials are light and can easily be dispersed away. Since this forms a major point of interaction between the residents and the waste collecting institutions, it is of great importance to ensure that inclusive coordination and cooperation is enhanced for effectiveness. Major towns fail due to lack of effective collection and transportation mechanisms. Of greater concerns have been the plastic bags which have turned the whole solid waste management into a riddle for many towns. Their collection and transportation should therefore be immediate and highly effective. Solid waste treatment