Bias In Printmedia Essay Research Paper Print free essay sample

Bias In Printmedia Essay, Research Paper Print media provides its readers with information, but what the reader really frequently does non acknowledge is the prejudice within the articles. Bias is non so easy recognized. Writers have the gift to intermix the prejudice in with their work. It is so good done, that in order to see the prejudice, one must thoroughly analyze the article. A individual must besides cognize what the types of prejudice are and how they are used. There are many different types of prejudice that are used in wellness related articles such as statistics and crowd counts, word pick and tone, and through skip. Print media demonstrates these types of prejudice in many articles. One method of prejudice being used is print media is through statistics and crowd counts. A author can pull strings the reader into believing that the consequences are really high or really low in some instances. We will write a custom essay sample on Bias In Printmedia Essay Research Paper Print or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Toronto Star on October 23, 1999, the article Pregnancy biggest menace to adult females, V.N. says uses statistics to give an appraisal, an estimated 585,000 adult females do every twelvemonth. This article explains how pregnancy affects many adult females. By utilizing this statistic, it gives the reader an estimate, but non an exact figure. This is used to do the reader think that the statistic is really high. Another article in The Toronto Star, Tamil wellness crisis probed, on October 29, 1999, demostrates prejudices by stating, At least 70,000 people. The article is speaking about the Tamil community and how 70,000 people have been affected, but it does non give the sum of people in that community. This type of prejudice is frequently used in print media to do an article more of import than it is. Bias through word pick and tone is frequently used in print media beginnings. By taking specific words, the author can easy act upon the reader s sentiment about the article. Certain words give the reader a different significance. In an article, Health attention to have $ 3.8 billion injection, in The Toronto Star, on October 22, 1999, the Governor, Hilary Weston, is reading a transition from a throne address given by the authorities to present a Patient s Bill of Rights. By utilizing the word, throne, the author suggests that the address given is really of import. During this address, there is a caucus chortle from a Liberal at the meeting. The author uses caucus to bespeak that it is more than a normal chortle during an of import address. This prejudice is used to pull strings the reader into believing that the Liberal is careless about the authorities s address. This type of prejudice is shown in mom ny print media beginnings to make an image of something that might non be at that place. One of the strongest types of prejudice is through skip. It is easy for a author to go forth out facts, whether they are of import or non. By go forthing out certain facts in an article, it merely gives the reader one side of the state of affairs. A author can either give the good side or the bad. Very seldom will a reader acquire both sides of the merchandise or incident. The Globe and Mail, on October 7, 1999, demonstrates this prejudice in the article To your wellness, by publishing about how intoxicant can assist mend liver harm, but what it does non publish are the negative effects intoxicant can hold on people. The readers read the good in imbibing, but they do non see the other side effects of making so. The Toronto Star, on November 1, 1999, in the article, Chronic sleep debt may raise hazard of diabetes, besides uses prejudice through skip. This article talks about how less sleep can harm a individual s wellness, particularly the younger coevals. When the existent survey is done, the lone people tested were immature males, extinguishing the females and the seniors ; the survey involved 11 healthy immature work forces. Although the survey is done, the lone consequences given are for immature work forces. The organic structure of a adult male and a adult female are different ; hence, both need separate consequences, every bit good as seniors. By merely publishing the consequences of the work forces, the article has eliminated the adult females and the seniors. Extinguishing certain information can go forth the reader unaware with the information given. Omission is a strong type of prejudice that is used in many articles. Although prejudice is difficult to indicate out, it is frequently at that place. Some are drawn to an article because of the types of the types of prejudice that have been used, such as statistics and crowd counts, word pick and tone and skip. Statisticss and crowd counts give an estimated sum of people or things, but hardly of all time give an exact figure. Word pick and tone can act upon the reader s sentiment about the article. Omission merely gives one thing or the other, go forthing the reader unaware of the other side of the state of affairs. By utilizing prejudice in print media beginnings, a author can pull strings the reader into believing something that might non be true. The author has many ways to intermix in the prejudice with their article and it is frequently done so. The ground for prejudice is to pull the reader into reading certain articles that might be passed by. Articles should be read and analyzed exhaustively in order to acquire the full significance of what is being said. 32c

Jamestown Essay essays

Jamestown Essay essays Jamestown offered more opportunity to colonists than Massachusetts Bay Colony by allowing more than one religion, more workers rights, and freedom of speech. Jamestown settlers had a charter from England guaranteeing the rights of settlers, as they would have had it in England. The Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony and they received a charter also. Both colonies had their have and have-nots in them. Massachusetts Bay Colony promoted the church greatly and Jamestown promoted working over religion. Jamestown was the starting of a democracy, equality. Colonists in Jamestown were given the right of free speech. The House of Burgess, first elected legislative assembly, was created for the settlers in Jamestown. Only white males, with property were aloud to vote in the assembly. When England started to send over indentured servants for the colonist, they were aloud to protest in courts for being abused or being handled in the wrong way. In Massachusetts the Puritans had set standards for the elect, visible saints. Not all the people could become the elect and participate in church. The justices in the local courts in Massachusetts were appointed by England, not by the people. Jamestown did not depend on one religion, as this was not the case in Massachusetts. In Massachusetts the colonists were mostly Puritans, some separatists were there also. Jamestown had a mix of all religions and did not really care about it as much as the Puritans did. It didnt matter what religion you where in Jamestown, because everyone was equal. Puritans made everything based upon religion because they had a covenant with God. They were giving faith to God to help them start a settlement that all the people would look up to. It didnt matter what religion you where in Jamestown, because everyone was equal. The colonists in Jamestown had more rights for workers because it didnt rely on religio ...

Foundational to the Christian faith is the belief that mankind is Essay

Foundational to the Christian faith is the belief that mankind is created in the image of God - Essay Example As such, the following analysis will seek to engage the reader with the important and fundamental onus that this understanding places upon the believer; as well as a discussion and analysis of several of the texts within the Bible that confirm the importance of this â€Å"image† connection. Although a literal interpretation of the texts pertaining to mankind (humankind) being created within he image of God lends one to believe that we look and are formed literally similar to our Creator, such an approach only captures part of the meaning that can necessarily be implied. Moreover, the first reference of making mankind in the â€Å"image† of God is found in Genesis 1:26 where God staes on the final day of creation, â€Å"Let us make man in our image, in our likeness†. This dual reference to image and likeness are important; although they may seem rather complimentary at first glance. The reason behind this is that the dual reference both implies a physical and the potential for a spiritual likeness. Whereas Biblical scholars have long debated whether or not a type of original sin or tabula rasa exists within the spiritual soul of mankind, seeking to define this is only part of understanding what the texts relating to image ultimately portend. As such, it is the understanding of this author that the pervasive discussion of image and thelinkages between human and devine that are effected both in the Old and the New Testament show a unique layer of importance being bestowed upon the level of understanding that the believer is able to integrate with this reality of similarity. Though it might be tempting, being created within the mere image of God is not enough in and of itself to allow the believer to assume an air of neither infallibility nor perfection. However, in helping to denote this comparison to an even more profound degree, the New Testament book of Hebrews chapter 4:15 states: â€Å"For we do not have a high priest who is unable to em pathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are – yet he did not sin†. This of course helps to make the New Testament teachings concerning the path of righteousness that Christ laid out for his followers as even more pertinent and even more salient. Although true that mankind is created in the physical likeness of the Creator, he is also endowed with a unique spiritual ability to develop the relationship with the Father; just as His Son did during his ministry on Earth. The necessity for all of this is manifestly evident with regards to the field of special education. Due to the fact that there exists a clear and determinant relationship between the teacher and the student, similar to the relationship that existed between Christ and his disciples during His ministry on earth, it is necessary for these stakeholders to integrate closely with the idea and understanding for how the image of God can most effectively be transmitt ed to stakeholders within the educational setting. By seeking to engage these individuals with regards to fairness, patience, honesty, and longsuffering, the image of God can be effectively transmitted to these youth; regardless of their developmental level; thereby helping to promote an appreciation and understanding of how the image

The Importance of Understanding Price Elasticity Essay - 1

The Importance of Understanding Price Elasticity - Essay Example This elasticity is used to measure how responsive the quantity demanded is or how willing the consumers are to buy the firm’s product if there is a given change in price. Inelastic products, meaning products whose quantity demanded would not be significantly affected by a change in price, include cigarettes and food items. Whereas elastic products, meaning products whose quantity demanded would be significantly affected by a change in its price, include iPod, MP3, television and other such consumer items considered a luxury or a want. Firms can use information about their product’s elasticity of demand to determine their price structure and their competition policy in the market. This information is extremely valuable for the firm’s marketing department as it allows them to determine if the people will continue buying their product if the price is increased or will there be a dramatic decline in the sales. For example if the demand is inelastic for a cigarette company then its marketing department will know that there won’t be a significant decrease in the quantity demanded by the customers to an increase in price. Hence they can afford to charge a higher price without losing too many customers. One thing that needs to be noted here is that when the price of a product is relatively inelastic, a firm’s revenue would rise because of the fact that an increase in price which not reduce quantity demanded significantly thus their revenues would rise. On the other hand, had the demand for tha t product been elastic, they would be losing revenue because quantity demanded would fall. Here, cigarettes are considered to be a relatively inelastic, hence the marketing and the finance department would be aware of the fact that they can increase potential revenue by an increase in the level of prices depending on the degree of elasticity. If the value of elasticity is closer to zero, then they can increase the

Samsung Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Samsung Company analysis - Essay Example Product/services and geographic scope The company would promote the products through advertising campaigns in UK. Samsung will continue the brand promotion strategies using celebrities with promotional activities in malls and outlets (Semenik, Allen, & O'Guinn, 2008). Samsung offers a variety of products ranging from LCD and LED panels, mobile phones, semi-conductors, televisions and digital cameras. Till 2005, the company allocated more than 75% of the in-house production capacity to the countries like China, Mexico, India, identified as low cost countries. The operations of mobile phone operations of the company are mainly based in Northern China. In the first part of 2006, Samsung began to produce mid- and high-end handsets in India. The mobile phone manufacturing centres include Korea, UK, China, Japan and USA (Samsung-c, n.d.). Competitors Although the company enjoys a large market share, the company faces some serious threat from the other developed or developing companies, nam ely, Sony Corporation, Videocon and some other well-known brands. If these are direct competitors, the indirect competitors include Media Player from Microsoft, Ovi player from Nokia and several local brands (Schwarzinger, 2012). Sony is a company from Japan and leads the market in consumer-durable products. The prices charged by Sony are generally high, but if one looks for quality, then Sony is the best option to opt for (Sony, 2012). PEST Analysis Political: The political conditions of the countries where Samsung operate pose some risk. The political climate of South Korea became a worrying factor. In the African continent and in the countries of South East Asia, Samsung has distinct disadvantages as the business environment is hostile (Husso, 2011). Economic: Samsung follows a healthy marketing strategy in the countries where they operate. Since high levels of disposable income are required from the consumers to buy their products, Samsung targets the middle income classes. The company tries to enter into the countries where the business cycle for the offered products is in initial stages. Social: The company has been able to integrate itself according to the market structures. The ‘think global, act local’ mindset strengthens the landscape. It has effectively bridged the gap between culture and society. The company initiates to link a balance between the tastes and aspirants of the consumers with the amount of disposable income they possess (Henry, 2008). Technological: The company can take pride depending on the innovative approaches it launches. The products are made using cutting-edge technologies, and the attractive designs are the incentives it provides to the customers. The innovations are the biggest strength of Samsung, and the technological advancements lay the foundation stone to cement the place of Samsung in global markets. SWOT Analysis Strength: The brand value of the company is the biggest strength. The new innovation of 3D tel evision is selling like hot cakes in the market. It is of no surprise that Samsung is the company with the largest market share of 3D television. Other types of television, namely, the LED television, have been successful in providing a large consumer base to the

Just Culture in Nursing

Just Culture in Nursing JUST CULTURE: An Approach that is Right and Just for the Philippine Nursing System Bernardo Oliber Alconis Arde Jr., RN, MAN Nursing has always been regarded as a â€Å"humanistic science† since it has evolved from experience to science. Anchored by altruistic motives, nurses perform nursing care to patients with tact and prudence; otherwise patients’ safety is jeopardized. Hence, it is safe to say that nursing should be a ‘perfect discipline’ – an arena where mistake is never an option. While there are great efforts by the nursing community to pursue perfection by its evidence-based approach, the fact still stand that humans are fallible. And by human nature, even if nurses make the best choices of care for their patients, other factors aside from these choices may still make them vulnerable to committing errors. If nurses’ infallibility can never be attained, how then can it be managed? Traditionally, healthcare’s culture has held individuals accountable for all errors or mishaps that befall patients under their care. When errors occur, the immediate solution is to blame an individual for the error. Blaming individuals creates a culture of fear, discourages open reporting and discussion of errors, and does little to prevent future errors or improve the safety of the health care system (NCBON, 2011). According to Leape (2000), as cited by American Nurses Association (2010) these approaches that focus on punishing individuals instead of changing systems provide strong incentives for people to report only those errors they cannot hide. Thus, a punitive approach shuts off the information that is needed to identify faulty systems and create safer ones. In a punitive system, no one learns from their mistakes. Many observers attribute underreporting to the punitive (‘‘name and blame’’) approach that many healthcare organizations have taken with regard to safety incidents. By inculcating a sense of fear, the punitive approach discourages reporting and, in doing so, prevents organizational learning and improvement (Barach Small, 2000; Blegen et al., 2004; Kadzielski Martin, 2002; Kingston, Evans, Smith, Berry, 2004; Manasse, Eturnbull, Diamond, 2002; Wakefield et al., 2001, 1999). As an alternative to this traditional system, application of a model which is widely used in aviation industry known as the Just Culture Model seeks to create an environment that encourages individuals to report mistakes so that the precursors to errors can be better understood in order to fix the system issues (ANA, 2010). Just Culture, as defined in aviation industry, is a culture in which front line operators are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with the experience and training, but where gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts are not tolerated (Eurocontrol, 2014). Reason (n.d), as quoted by Skybrary (n.d) claimed that it is an atmosphere of trust in which people are encouraged, even rewarded for proving essential safety-related information but in which they are also clear about where the line must be drawn between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. In 1997, as mentioned by ANA (2010), John Reason wrote that a Just Culture creates an atmosphere of trust, encouraging and rewarding people for providing essential safety-related information. A Just Culture is also explicit about what constitutes acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Therefore a Just Culture is the middle component between patient safety and a safety culture (Reason, 1997). However, the term â€Å"Just Culture† was first used in a 2001 report by David Marx (Marx, 2001), a report which popularized the term in the patient safety lexicon (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.). Further he argues that discipline needs to be tied to the behavior of individuals and the potential risks their behavior presents more than the actual outcome of their actions (Marx, 2001). In the health care arena, Medscape (n.d) emphasized that Just Culture recognizes that human error and faulty systems can cause a mistake and encourages an investigation of what led to the error instead of an immediate rush to blame a person. A just culture, expert say, is a ‘‘non-punitive’’ environment in which individuals can report errors or close calls without fear of reprimand, rebuke, or reprisal (Blegen et al., 2004; Karadeniz Cakmakci, 2002; Kingston et al., 2004; Pizzi, Goldfarb, Nash, 2001; Wakefield et al., 1999; Wild Bradley, 2005). The concept of a fair and just culture refers to the way an organization handles safety issues. Humans are fallible; they make mistakes. In a just culture, hazardous human behavior such as staff errors, near-misses and risky actions are identified and discussed openly in hopes of finding ways to improve processes and systems — not to identify and punish the individual (Pepe Cataldo, 2011). In the Philippines, where nurses face a lot of workplace-related issues such as understaffing, undue remuneration, and hostile employers to name a few, they become more vulnerable to making mistakes. With so much pressure at hand due to how these errors are addressed currently plus the fact that nurses are more often unappreciated, they may burnout putting the delivery of care at stake. This existing practice is opposed by the concept of Just Culture, where according to Pepe and Cataldo (2011), is a model that distinguishes among human error, at-risk behavior, reckless behavior, malicious willful violations and the corresponding levels of accountability. Moreover, just culture is not a â€Å"blame-free† approach. It is a strategy that gets into the root of the problem, whether it is a worker wilfully contributing to the error or the system providing inadequate support to the worker’s need. Furthermore, it is a system of justice that involves both investigatory action and disciplinary action. Hence, a â€Å"just culture† stands between a ‘‘blaming’’ or punitive culture, on the one hand, and a ‘‘no-blame’’ or ‘‘anything-goes’’ culture, on the other. This view reflects the connotation of balance typically associated with the terms ‘‘just’’ or ‘‘fair.’ (Weiner, Hobgood Lewis, 2007). It balances the need to learn from mistakes and the need to take disciplinary action where appropriate. In a setting where just culture is implemented, encouragement of error disclosure is emphasized through open communication. As stated in Skybrary (2014) the personnel is clear, that in the interest of safety, the organisation wants to know, at all times, about unsafe events, unsafe situations that have presented themselves or could arise. They are keen to step forward and speak up when they perceive a situation as dangerous, think of a procedure as risky, or any other issue in their daily tasks that they judge as potentially harmful and are yet without good remedy. This system makes sure the staffs are motivated to report and the trend must be maintained. Moreover, whenever there are reports, the organization assures that they are acknowledged, discussed properly and provided with appropriate feedbacks. When errors occur, the person who committed the error is not blamed instantly. He or she is not punished outright but rather a safety investigation is initiated to determine the proper disciplinary action. The organisation investigates why this error was made and what can be done to avoid them or to mitigate the effects for future operations. The workforce is protected as best as possible from negative consequences resulting from human error or subsequent investigations and in principle the organisation will defend and support people should external prosecutions or litigations target them. The organisation attempts to repair the situation as best as possible and restore the operations to normal. The organisation provides compensation for those that have experienced personal loss or damage. The organisation tries hard to prevent that same event from happening again. A case is not closed by condemning or finding the guilty one, but by discovering the underlying problems in the system, by rectifying this and by repairing the damages done (Skybrary, 2014). When the problem is discovered, rectified and repaired, the organisation then communicates the situation with confidentiality to all the members of the group. This dissemination intends not to humiliate somebody but rather provides a learning platform for everyone. In just culture, the error that has happened was seen not as something to be fixed but rather an opportunity of learning and ironing the system. It creates an environment of introspection while errors are discussed and collectively outlines improved policies, protocols and/or guidelines. It also shapes a venue for the enrichment of managerial competencies. Hence, it is an implicit claim of just culture that it is inevitable for practitioners to commit mistakes that even the most experienced individual is capable of making mistakes. It is also implied in just culture that punishment is not an assurance that workers will not be making mistakes and that perfecting a performance is impossible and can never be sustained. ANA (2010), in their position paper about this concept officially endorse the Just Culture concept as a strategy to reduce errors and promote patient safety in health care. In their efforts to endorse this â€Å"non-punitive† approach, they promote and disseminate information about the Just Culture concept in ANA publications, through constituent member associations, and ANA affiliated organizations. Hence, the feasibility of incorporating this approach in the present system in the Philippines must also be taken into consideration. However, the adopting organization must develop its own strategies in implementing just culture. It is because no single method fits all in applying the just culture. This concept, when used as an approach in improving the quality of care, must be contextualized depending on the acceptance and capability of the institution to implement this model. Once this approach is incorporated in the system, ANA (2010) encourages continued research into the effectiveness of the Just Culture concept in improving patient safety and employee performance outcomes. To this end, Just Culture might just be the absolute answer to the faulty system not only of nursing but might as well the entire Philippine Healthcare system. References Erickson, A. K. (2012, November 1). Step forward: Hospital journey to Just Culture. pharmacist.com. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.pharmacist.com/step-forward-hospitals’-journey-‘just-culture’ ANA. (n.d.). Just Culture. http://nursingworld.org/. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://nursingworld.org/psjustculture Brewer, K. (n.d.). How a Just Culture Can Improve Safety in Health Care. Medscape Log In. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/746089_2 Building a Just Culture. (2014, January 8). SKYbrary . Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Building_a_Just_Culture Colorado Firecamp A Roadmap to a Just Culture. (n.d.). Colorado Firecamp A Roadmap to a Just Culture. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://coloradofirecamp.com/just-culture/index.htm Esarr Advisory Material/Guidance Document (EAM/GUI). (2006, March 31). Skybrary. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from . http://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/235.pdf Eurocontrol Driving excellence in ATM performance. (n.d.). Just culture. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from https://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/just-culture Harbour, T. (n.d.). Just Environment: Command Climate, Leadership, and Error Forest Service Fire and Aviation Management: Becoming a Learning Culture. http://high-reliability.org/. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://high-reliability.org/files/Harbour_HRO_Abstract_Just_Culture.pdf Just Culture. (n.d.). SKYbrary . Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Just_Culture Just Culture Policy. (n.d.). Eurocontrol. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/publication/files/201209-just-culture-policy.pdf Marx, D. (n.d.). Patient Safety and the Just Culture . health.ny.gov. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/patients/patient_safety/conference/2007/docs/patient_safety_and_the_just_culture.pdf NCBON. (n.d.). Just Culture In Nursing Regulation . ncbon.com. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://www.ncbon.com/myfiles/downloads/cet-booklet.pdf Pepe, J., Cataldo, P. J. (2011). Log in. Manage Risk, Build a Just Culture. Retrieved August 10, 2014, from https://www.chausa.org/publications/health-progress/article/july-august-2011/manage-risk-build-a-just-culture WISE, D. (n.d.). Getting To Know Just Culture | Outcome Engenuitys Just Culture Community. Outcome Engenuitys Just Culture Community. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from https://www.justculture.org/getting-to-know-just-culture/ Weiner, B. J., Hobgood, C., Lewis, M. A. (2008). The meaning of justice in safety incident reporting. Social Science Medicine, 66(2), 403-413.

FRANKENSTEIN :: essays research papers fc

The origin of Frankenstein is almost as mysterious and exciting as the novel itself. It all began back in the summer of 1816 at the Villa Diodati on the shores of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Mary Shelley seems not to condemn the act of creation but rather Frankenstein’s lack of willingness to accept the responsibility for his deeds. His creation only becomes a monster at the moment his creator deserts it. Essentially, Frankenstein warns of the careless use of science which is still an important issue. In feminist literary theory, it claims that Frankenstein’s act of creation is not only a sin against God and nature. It is also an act against the â€Å"female principle† which includes natural procreation as one of its central aspects. The monster, the result of male arrogance, is the enemy and destroyer of the eternal female principle. The classification of Frankenstein as a ghost story, Gothic novel or horror novel is not completely accurate. It contains no supernatural apparitions such as ghosts, witches, devils, demons or sorcerers. And other typical gothic elements such as ruined castles, graveyards and charnel houses appear only briefly or in the distance. In the novel, Mary Shelley is silent on how Victor Frankenstein breathes life into his creation. But her story did not just come from her imagination alone. Scientists and physicians of her time were tempted by the boundaries between life and death, constantly experimenting with lower organisms, human anatomical studies, attempting to resuscitate drowning victims, and experiments using electricity to restore life to the recently dead. Another origin of this monster has to do with people’s fascinations with â€Å"nature’s monsters,† the sharp deviations from normal human development. The monster â€Å"Frankenstein† is thought of as a horrible, evil creation. One informant thought of him as frustrated, loud, and uncommunicative. Some others remember aspects from the many different movies such as the monster having â€Å"the mind of a killer and the heart of a kind man.† One informant recalled the monster having a â€Å"soft spot for children† when he helped a little girl kill all the evil monsters in one of the movies. Abandoned by his creator, the monster takes revenge on Victor Frankenstein by killing his younger brother, William. Frankenstein’s silence, in the face of the monster’s murderous actions, exacts a terrible price. His self-imposed isolation from society mirrors the social isolation the monster experiences from all who see him.

High School Drop Out Rates

High School Drop Out Rates Essay The nation's dropout crises have become severe over the past ten years. Big city high schools have less than 50% of freshmen graduate. (8) The problem has taken a back seat to a national focus on early childhood and elementary programs. Recent studies have found the dropout rate rising in large cities. Among minority groups, the dropout rate is the highest. The causes of the growing problem range from teen pregnancy to depression. The effect of the drop out rate is financially devastating on the individuals who dropout. Programs are being used to help decrease the tendencies for student to dropout.The national dropout rate has become common for teenagers. Dropout intervention programs have little effect from keeping teens from dropping out. According to the Boston herald website: But combating dropout rates requires new approaches since one group of researcher found that the 20 primary dropout prevention programs administered by the U. S. department o f education made little difference in keeping teens in school. The city' has gradually increase during the past four years, with roughly 900 student-mostly black and Hispanic- leaving the system each year. (1) This problem has been gradually increasing because schools have focused on basis math, literally skills and early childhood education for raising overall test scores. The dropout problem has been virtually forgotten. According to Jay Smink, Director of the National Dropout Prevention Center at Clemson University: â€Å"The sad part is, no one is seriously looking at the issue, and the sadder part is they're not putting the resources needed to improve the graduation rate,†(2) Largest Group of Drop-outs Hispanics are the largest group of dropout rates at 30-35%.This is 2. 5 times higher than the Africans-Americans dropout rate and 3. 5 % time the rate of whites. The study show the reason for the higher rate among Hispanics is poor teacher preparation, lower expectations, and overcrowded facilities. Another reason is a language barrier. Few teachers know enough Spanish to teach Hispanics. Other reasons are cultural related. Many Hispanic youth cite reasons for dropping out that are common to all youth who drop out. These reasons are they are failing, bored and/or having to work to support a family.Most Hispanics tend to believe that the public schools disrespect Hispanic culture, neglect the language problem, and set academic standards below the national norm. Poverty is wide spread among Hispanics. (6) Many children do not get an early start at school by attending pre-school; therefore, these children are at a disadvantage from the start. Their parents cannot read so these children miss being read to which is a necessary part of early development. In addition, peer pressure is an extremely strong influence on Hispanic youth. According to the Augusta Chronicle.

Part Time Jobs for Students Essay

There is much debate nowadays concerning students and part-time jobs, whether they are a good thing or bad. Part time jobs can take time away from schoolwork, true, but students who work 10 to 15 hours a week during the school year earn higher grades than students who don’t work at all. I strongly encourage students to seek out part-time employment. Part-time jobs for students are good because they teach time management, responsibility and set students up for the world of work. Part- time jobs for students helps teach young people good time management. Learning how to manage time in respect to keeping plans, school schedules and work schedules organized, and forcing them to follow a steady schedule and be places on time, with consequences in a way that no other experiences may teach them, is best taught by a part-time job. I personally have a part-time job; I work at a farm at 6am every weekend morning. Having a part-time job has taught me time management like nothing else has before. Forcing me to prioritize plans and extracurricular activities has turned out to be quite an asset, and helps me in my everyday life, as it will in my future. Along with time management, part-time jobs teach students responsibility. Responsibility is a very important trait which is taught by part-time jobs. Students with part-time jobs learn how to be responsible. Steve Jobs accredits his success in the world of work to his part-time job at McDonalds in his youth. Part-time jobs give students a duty and obligation to satisfactorily perform and complete tasks and take responsibility for their actions. Students will learn to better handle their time and money at a younger age when faced with the responsibility that part-time jobs provide and ask for. Unlike school, part-time jobs demand a sort of trial based idea; with school, students may get away with tardiness, or absences, while with jobs, students will be faced with docked pay, or perhaps even being fired- a much more grave, eye opening consequence than school provides- and teenagers learn to be responsible as a whole, thanks to this. This type of responsibility sets teenagers up for the world of work. As well as teaching time management and responsibility, part-time jobs set young adults up for the world of work. Most part-time jobs ask for little to no experience, are easy to obtain and add to your future rà ©sumà ©, for when you do apply for jobs that require previous experience, later on in your career. Part-time employment teaches  you skills and experience which you could learn nowhere else, such as: how to fill out an application, how to interview well, how to work responsibly, and how to get along with co-workers and superiors, as well as many other qualities that will set you apart from other applicants while applying to more important jobs, farther along in life. Part-time jobs are as essential to further you in your future career path, as watering a plant is for its growth. In conclusion, part-time jobs are highly suggested for students in high school, or University. Part-time jobs teach students many assets such as time management, responsibility, and sets young adults up for the world of work.

The 19th Century Bone Wars

The 19th Century Bone Wars When most people think of the Wild West, they picture Buffalo Bill, Jesse James, and caravans of settlers in covered wagons. But for paleontologists, the American west in the late 19th century conjures up one image above all: the enduring rivalry between two of this countrys greatest fossil hunters, Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. The Bone Wars, as their feud became known, stretched from the 1870s well into the 1890s, and resulted in hundreds of new dinosaur findsnot to mention reams of bribery, trickery, and outright theft, as well get to later. (Knowing a good subject when it sees one, HBO recently announced plans for a movie version of the Bone Wars starring James Gandolfini and Steve Carell; sadly, Gandolfinis sudden death has put the project in limbo.) In the beginning, Marsh and Cope were cordial, if somewhat wary, colleagues, having met in Germany in 1864 (at the time, western Europe, not the United States, was at the forefront of paleontology research). Part of the trouble stemmed from their different backgrounds: Cope was born into a wealthy Quaker family in Pennsylvania, while Marshs family in upstate New York was comparatively poor (albeit with a very rich uncle, who enters the story later). Its probable that, even then, Marsh considered Cope a bit of a dilettante, not really serious about paleontology, while Cope saw Marsh as too rough and uncouth to be a true scientist. The Fateful Elasmosaurus Most historians trace the start of the Bone Wars to 1868, when Cope reconstructed a strange fossil sent to him from Kansas by a military doctor. Naming the specimen Elasmosaurus, he placed its skull on the end of its short tail, rather than its long neck (to be fair to Cope, to that date no had ever seen an aquatic reptile with such out-of-whack proportions). When he discovered this error, Marsh (as the legend goes) humiliated Cope by pointing it out in public, at which point Cope tried to buy (and destroy) every copy of the scientific journal in which he had published his incorrect reconstruction. This makes for a good storyand the fracas over Elasmosaurus certainly contributed to the enmity between the two menbut the Bone Wars likely started on a more serious note. Cope had discovered the fossil site in New Jersey that yielded the fossil of Hadrosaurus, named by the two mens mentor, the famous paleontologist Joseph Leidy. When he saw how many bones had yet to be recovered from the site, Marsh paid the excavators to send any interesting finds to him, rather than to Cope. Cope soon found out about this gross violation of scientific decorum, and the Bone Wars began in earnest. Into the West What kicked the Bone Wars into high gear was the discovery, in the 1870s, of numerous dinosaur fossils in the American west (some of these finds were made accidentally, during excavation work for the Transcontinental Railroad). In 1877, Marsh received a letter from Colorado schoolteacher Arthur Lakes, describing the saurian bones he had found during a hiking expedition; Lakes sent sample fossils to both Marsh and (because he didn’t know if Marsh was interested) Cope. Characteristically, Marsh paid Lakes $100 to keep his discovery a secretand when he discovered that Cope had been notified, dispatched an agent west to secure his claim. Around the same time, Cope was tipped off to another fossil site in Colorado, which Marsh tried (unsuccessfully) to horn in on. By this time, it was common knowledge that Marsh and Cope were competing for the best dinosaur fossilswhich explains the subsequent intrigues centered on Como Bluff, Wyoming. Using pseudonyms, two workers for the Union Pacific Railroad alerted Marsh to their fossil finds, hinting (but not stating explicitly) that they might strike a deal with Cope if Marsh didnt offer generous terms. True to form, Marsh dispatched another agent, who made the necessary financial arrangementsand soon the Yale-based paleontologist was receiving boxcars of fossils, including the first specimens of Diplodocus, Allosaurus and Stegosaurus. Word about this exclusive arrangement soon spreadnot least because the Union Pacific employees leaked the scoop to a local newspaper, exaggerating the prices Marsh had paid for the fossils in order to bait the trap for the wealthier Cope. Soon, Cope sent his own agent westward, and when these negotiations proved unsuccessful (possibly because he wasnt willing to pony up enough money), he instructed his prospector to engage in a bit of fossil-rustling and steal bones from the Como Bluff site, right under Marshs nose. Soon afterward, fed up with Marshs erratic payments, one of the railroad men began working for Cope instead, turning Como Bluff into the epicenter of the Bone Wars. By this time, both Marsh and Cope had relocated westward, and over the next few years engaged in such hijinks as deliberately destroying uncollected fossils and fossil sites (so as to keep them out of each others hands), spying on each others excavations, bribing employees, and even stealing bones outright. According to one account, workers on the rival digs once took time out from their labors to pelt each other with stones! Next Page: The Bone Wars Get Personal Cope and Marsh, Bitter Enemies to the Last By the 1880’s, it was clear that Othniel C. Marsh was winning the Bone Wars. Thanks to the support of his wealthy uncle, George Peabody (who lent his name to the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History), Marsh could hire more employees and open more dig sites, while Edward Drinker Cope slowly but surely fell behind. It didnt help matters that other parties, including a team from Harvard University, now joined the dinosaur gold rush. Cope continued to publish numerous papers, but, like a political candidate taking the low road, Marsh made hay out of every tiny mistake he could find. Cope soon had his opportunity for revenge. In 1884, Congress began an investigation into the U.S. Geological Survey, which Marsh had been appointed the head of a few years before. Cope recruited a number of Marshs employees to testify against their boss (who wasnt the easiest person in the world to work for), but Marsh connived to keep their grievances out of the newspapers. Cope then upped the ante: drawing on a journal he had kept for two decades, in which he meticulously listed Marshs numerous felonies, misdemeanors and scientific errors, he supplied the information to a journalist for the New York Herald, which ran a sensational series about the Bone Wars. Marsh issued a rebuttal in the same newspaper, hurling similar accusations against Cope. In the end, this public airing of dirty laundry (and dirty fossils) didnt benefit either party. Marsh was asked to resign his lucrative position at the Geological Survey, and Cope, after a brief interval of success (he was appointed head of the National Association for the Advancement of Science), was beset by poor health and had to sell off portions of his hard-won fossil collection. By the time Cope died in 1897, both men had squandered their considerable fortunes. Characteristically, though, Cope prolonged the Bone Wars even from his grave. One of his last requests was that scientists dissect his head after his death to determine the size of his brain, which he was certain would be bigger than Marshs. Wisely, perhaps, Marsh declined the challenge, and to this day, Copes unexamined head rests in storage at the University of Pennsylvania. The Bone Wars: Let History Judge As tawdry, undignified, and out-and-out ridiculous as the Bone Wars occasionally were, they had a profound effect on American paleontology. In the same way competition is good for commerce, it can also be good for science: so eager were Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope to one-up each other that they discovered many more dinosaurs than if theyd merely engaged in a friendly rivalry. The final tally was truly impressive: Marsh discovered 80 new dinosaur genera and species, while Cope named a more-than-respectable 56. The fossils discovered by Marsh and Cope also helped to feed the American publics increasing hunger for new dinosaurs. Each major discovery was accompanied by a wave of publicity, as magazines and newspapers illustrated the latest amazing findsand the reconstructed skeletons slowly but surely made their way to major museums, where they still reside to the present day. You might say that popular interest in dinosaurs really began with the Bone Wars, though its arguable that it would have come about naturally, without all the bad feelings! The Bone Wars had a couple of negative consequences, as well. First, paleontologists in Europe were horrified by the crude behavior of their American counterparts, which left a lingering, bitter distrust that took decades to dissipate. And second, Cope and Marsh described and reassembled their dinosaur finds so quickly that they were occasionally careless. For example, a hundred years of confusion about Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus can be traced directly back to Marsh, who put a skull on the wrong bodythe same way Cope did with Elasmosaurus, the incident that started the Bone Wars in the first place!

Duc de Saint-Simon forum 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Duc de Saint-Simon forum 14 - Essay Example Saint-Simon describes the opulence of the royal life of the king while at Versailles. He begins by describing the large and infinite number of rooms at the place and the comfort the palace provided the king. He explains that the King’s life changed while in Versailles as he became increasingly sensitive. He developed interest on the operations of the palace and would always seek to note any cases of absenteeism. Additionally, whoever visited the palace needed reasons to see him. However, Louis XIV maintained his composure and demeanor magnificence and splendor. Versailles offered him the peace to maintain such a lifestyle. He therefore lived in Versailles to his death. The article is a reliable historical document. The author uses descriptive and simple sentences coupled with timeline record of events features that enhance the comprehension of the topical issue. Furthermore, the author uses appropriate intent citations that show the sources from where he borrows some of his major

Corporate Finance assignment on capital budgeting techniques and Essay

Corporate Finance assignment on capital budgeting techniques and required rate of return estimation - Essay Example For projects that are considered as mutually exclusive, that project that reflects the higher NPV, which has been applied in this case is the most appropriate to pick. The assumption under NPV is that cash inflows after every period are usually reinvested. It calculates the absolute proportionality of two projects. (Heitger, 2007 p525) Therefore, it is going to be applied in this study. Managers are in a position to make an evaluation of a project cash flow. One of the renown methods of projects’ analysis and choice is NPV; NPV= Present Value cash inflows – Present Value cash outflows. If the result is positive, then it gives a go ahead to take up the project. (Harvey, 1995) In this case presented below, there is no project with a positive NPV and thus rationality call for the avoidance of both. However, if the company has to undertake a project, then it should undertake Titan project since it has the higher NPV. Figure 1: PROJECT TITAN PROJECT TITAN Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 EXPENSES initial costs 48000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 infrastructure costs 15000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 depreciation equipment 0 7200000 7200000 7200000 7200000 7200000 7200000 working capital 0 5500000 6050000 6655000 7320500 8052550 8857805 operation expenses 0 16000000 17120000 18318400 19600688 20972736 22440828 Royalties 0 0 2200000 2464000 2759680 3090842 3461743 interest on loan 0 4178351 3572568 2908313 2179941 1381263 505494 TOTAL OUTFLOWS 63000000 32878351 36142568 37545713 39060809 40697391 42465870 REVENUES 0 0 44000000 49280000 55193600 61816832 69234852 NET CASH INFLOWS BEFORE TAX 63000000 32878351 7857432 11734287 16132791 21119441 26768982 TAX ON NET REVENUE 0 0 2357230 3520286 4839837 6335832 8030695 NET CASH INFLOWS -63000000 -32878351 5500202 8214001 11292954 14783609 18738287 PRESENT VALUE (17%) 1 0.8547 0.7305 0.6244 0.5337 0.4561 0.3898 -63000000 -28101126.6 4017897.561 5128822.224 6027049.55 6742804.065 7304184.273 NPV= -61880368.93 PROJECT OLYMPUS PROJECT OLYMPUS YEAR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EXPENSES initial costs 66000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 infrastracture costs 20000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 depreciation equipment 0 9900000 9900000 9900000 9900000 9900000 9900000 6600000 0 working capital 0 14000000 12880000 11849600 10901632 10029501 9227141 8488970 7809852 operation expenses 0 31000000 32240000 33529600 34870784 36265615 37716240 39224890 40793885 Royalties 0 0 2725000 3079250 3479553 3931894 4403722 4976205 5623112 interest on loan 0 5668303 5116727 4513708 3854450 3133706 2345743 1484291 542497 Lease costs 0 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 3000000 TOTAL OUTFLOWS 86000000 63568303 65861727 65872158 66006419 66260716 66592846 63774356 57769346 REVENUES 0 0 54500000 61585000 69591050 78637887 88074433 99524109 112462243 NET CASH INFLOWS BEFORE TAX -86000000 63568303 -11361727 -4287158 3584631 12377171 21481587 35749753 54692897 TAX ON NET REVENUE 0 0 0 0 1075389.3 3713151.3 6444476.1 10724925.9 16407869.1 NET CASH INFLOWS -86000000 -63568303 - 11361727 -4287158 2509241.7 8664019.7 15037110.9 25024827.1 38285027.9 PRESENT VALUE (17%) 1 0.8547 0.7305 0.6244 0.5337 0.4561 0.3898 0.3332 0.2848 -86000000 -54331828.57 -8299741.574 -2676901.455 1339182.295 3951659.385 5861465.829 8338272.39 10903575.95 NPV= -118237414.3 PART 2 Beta shows the relationship existing between the premium rate of the market and a firm’s rate of return. Beta is the value reflecting the slope when these two components mentioned are graphed. The process of finding beta is to be explained as