Global Stratification Essay Example for Free

Global Stratification Essay Please choose one example of a third world country that was colonized (like Jamaica) and apply one of the theories learned in this week (i. e. world system theory, neo-colonialism, culture of poverty, etc. ) to analyze its economic conditions. Answers: North Korea is the only country of socialistic type which didn’t take any steps to change its regime in favor of democratic or market economy during the second part of the 20th century. The country exists for more than half a century but the last 10 years it exists in the conditions of economic crisis because of economic isolation. North Korea is characterized by extremely low GDP less than 1000 dollars per capita. Therefore, the country is one of the Third World nations. The main reason North Korea is a Third World nation is that it is one of the fewer countries which still practice communism in the globe. North Korea rejects capitalism and is closed from the rest of the world. People are suffering, despite the fact that North Korea is considered the forth group of nation in the World System Theory. When Communism was proved to be inefficient, the economy of North Korea collapsed. Moreover, North Korea keeps isolating itself from globalization of capitalism; its economic situation will less likely to improve. Apart from the natural drawbacks of the communism, Culture of Poverty also plays its role in the worsening situation of North Korea. As far as people in North Korea are so poor that they didn’t even have enough food to consume, they would not take any risks to take any steps to improve their lives. Also, the consequences of violating the governmental could be fatal. Thus North Korea perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next generation. Meanwhile despite the hunger and natural disasters the Korean system hasn’t â€Å"exploded† yet.

Impact of Changes to Baby Milk Prices

Impact of Changes to Baby Milk Prices Introduction The article â€Å"Parents want milk for babies to be made a price controlled item† states the price of baby milk are getting higher and higher day by day and many parents can’t buy those expensive baby milk products so parents have to switch to the alternative products but as they are cheaper and because of that its cause diseases to the babies. So now those parents want government to take apart to fulfil their problem. Micro Economics Law of Demand When the price of any product increase then the quantity demanded will decrease Law of Supply When the price of any product Increase then quantity supplied will increase. According to the article, the price of the baby milk has been increased by the manufacturer in order to gain more profit, which result in quantity decreased. The effect is known as Law of demand. Additionally, customers are shifting to the alternative goods, which shift the demand curve of the alternative goods to rightward. This is known as Substitute effect which describe as follows; Substitute effect: The substitution effect states that an increase in the price of a product will urge buyers to purchase elective products. The substitution effect measures the amount the higher cost encourage buyers to use different products, assume the same level of income. However customers can’t afford the higher price for the baby milk, so there is an income effect on the quantity demanded, which lead the demand curve to leftward. In the context of economic theory, the income effect is the change in an individuals or economys income and how that change will impact the quantity demanded of a good or service. The relationship between income and the quantity demanded is a positive one, as income increases, so does the quantity of goods and services demanded. Other than the demand has a few progressions, even the supply will have a few changes as well. Suppliers will never do a business without picking up high benefit, so it satisfies the law of supply that when other things remain constant, the higher the price of goods, the more quantity supplied. . A price ceiling might be connected to make it illicit to charge a price above the specified amount. The price ceiling ought to be underneath the Equilibrium price so that to guarantee it can bring out the effects needed. This will verify that all legal transactions occurring will be at a price at or underneath the price ceiling. By actualizing a price ceiling for baby milk, parents can then buy baby milk at a lower price and will probably prompt expanded demand. Meanwhile, supply could be relied upon to drop as suppliers will be unwilling to supply a high amount at a lower cost. Hence, deficiency will happen and it will be represented to by a gap between quantity demanded and quantity supplied. Be that as it may it will benefit parents who are not able to buy baby milk at first. An alternate choice is that the government present subsidies for baby milk items. By presenting subsidies, the government can drive down the price for baby milk in the business sector. This happens as the introduction of subsidies move the supply curve to the right. This expands the quantity supplied and diminishes the price for baby milk. However, this method likewise has its repercussions as the government may cause more expenses as it gives subsidies to the item. In the event that the government set the value higher than the equilibrium price, it will additionally cause issue which is surplus of the baby milk. Surplus is the quantity supplied of the good surpasses the quantity demanded for the goods. Thusly, government cant set the price excessively low or excessively high which will result in enormous issues to customers and suppliers. As I would like to think, this issue is happening on the grounds that baby milk is considered as an inelastic item. This implies that regardless of the fact that the price of baby milk is high, individuals will even now need to purchase them. Some may contend that parents can select less expensive baby milk products, how many parents would really take risk and conceivably hurting the development of their own child? This is the reason baby milk is impressively inelastic. So this demonstrates that baby milk has quite weak substitutes making it inelastic. An alternate test that can demonstrate that baby milk is inelastic is to see the extent of income used on child milk. So due to this, numerous business firms comprehend that when they increase the price of baby milk, they can build their aggregate income. Most firms are smart enough to understand that reducing price for inelastic items will just imply that they will make less profit. Since, price of baby milk wont be going lower whenev er soon, it is just consistent that parents request a price ceiling to be forced. Conclusion Baby milk is a paramount item in the market and wields extraordinary impact on the development of the future generation. Hence, the government ought to do something inside their capacity to guarantee that parents can afford the price of quality baby milk products for their children. The most proficient path for the government to do so would be to introduce subsidies in the market for baby milk. This exertion will be the most great and expand the prosperity of children across the country, at the expenses of the need to distribute resources to fund the subsidy. Contrasted with a price ceiling which has numerous inefficiencies, subsidies has significantly more benefits. Executing subsidies will be the best approach with the goal that each child can delight in fitting development in this extremely imperative phase of their lives. References: Parents want milk for babies to be made a price controlled item October 6, 2012  http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/10/06/Parents-want-milk-for-babies-to-be-made-a-price-controlled-item/ Income Substitution effect Tejvan R Pettinger  http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/income-substitution-effect/ Price Ceilings B. Taylor, 2006  http://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/price-ceiling.php Article Parents want milk for babies to be made a price controlled item KUALA LUMPUR: Parents are urging the government to consider making baby formula a controlled item in order to curb recent price hikes. They are concerned that the manufacturers increase in prices would cause lower income parents to choose the cheapest and lowest quality milk in the market which would jeopardise their babies growth. A mother of two, housewife Azila Awaludin, 35, expressed her concern over the volatile prices of the products lately. My husband doesnt earn much and Im forced to choose the cheapest milk for my baby, she told Bernama. Father of one, Al-Hafiz Jaamat Wok, 27, felt the government needed to play a bigger role in controlling the hike in baby formula prices. The government should subsidise baby milk and not take this issue lightly as many parents are not able to cope with the extra expenses now, he said. Wan Norasikin Abdul Cader, 42, who is a babysitter, said she had to spend an extra RM200 monthly just on baby formula alone. Supermarkets usually offer promotions on other items but never for baby formula, she added. Meanwhile, a Jalan Kasipillay mini market owner, K. Sathiah, 43, explained that people were buying less baby formula since prices started going up recently. Most people have to choose the cheapest milk and we have to sell it lower than the suppliers set prices. I hope the government can do something to control the situation, he said. A media report on Friday said that some baby formula manufacturers had increased prices up to RM15 per kg in the past two weeks and others would follow suit soon. It also quoted Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism Minister Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob as saying the government did not control the prices of baby formula. Bernama

VARIOLA VIRUS Essay examples -- Essays Papers

VARIOLA VIRUS SMALLPOX INTRODUCTION The Variola virus, which is the most virulent member of Genus Orthopoxvirus, is the causative agent of smallpox. It specifically infects humans. The primary reason for infection in humans is due to its ability to evade the host immune responses, and avoid complement activation. Over the centuries, this naturally occurring virus has spread throughout the earth, through various environments, to cause severe outbreaks. The most devastation outbreak had a case-fatality rate of 40 percent in individuals who have not been vaccinated. The Variola virus is a double-stranded DNA virus. It has two envelopes: the outer envelope is present only in the extracellular state. The outer surface or the core membrane, which surrounds the core of the virus, contains lipids and proteins and has a complex symmetry. The core, which has a dumbbell-shape, contains a large amount of the double-stranded DNA (186kbp), about 10 enzymes to mediate gene expression and lots of nucleoproteins- both specific and common. These proteins are involved in DNA transcription, as well as inducing cross-reactive immunity (IOM, 1999). The space outside the core contains lateral bodies – which do not have any known functions. There are two forms of the variola virus: variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the lethal strain, while variola minor is not lethal, but a mild strain, which is very similar to major but is only genetically different. The most common strain is the variola major, which produces the more severe symptoms, and with a fatality rate of 20% to 40%, within the 7th day of infection. The variola minor is the milder form of the disease that has a death rate of less than 1%. Surviving infection from... ...o, Pere, MD. "Smallpox: The Triumph Over the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death." Annals of Internal Medicine. 1997; 127:635- 42. Ellner, P.D. "Smallpox: Gone but Not Forgotten." Infection. 1998; 26 (5); 263-9. CDC overview: www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/facts.asp CDC overview2: www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp CDC vaccine : www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/contraindictions-public.asp Koplow, David. "Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. 2003 IOM(Institute of Medicine): "Live Variola Virus – committee on the assessment of future Scientific needs for live variola virus. National Academy Press; 1999. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). October 1, 2002 http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=ds00424 Nature Reviews Immunology 2, 544 (2002); doi:10.1038/nri868

Good Earth :: essays research papers

In the book The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, the fall of the House of Hwang and the rise of the Wang family was shown. The story completed a â€Å"circle of life†, with Wang being the center of the circle. While Wang at first was intimidated, he also looked down on the House of Hwang, he soon found that when his family became rich, his house fell onto some of the same â€Å"curses†. In both houses, a lack of love for the land was highly noticeable (except for Wang Lung), opium was used, slaves were bought and sold even though Wang first opposed slaves, and the future heirs wished to sell the land for money but at the same time lose their support for if the house should fall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the House of Hwang was in power, Wang noticed how they had a complete lack of love for the earth. They had to constantly sell pieces of land to pay their immediate debts, but by doing this they gave away their support if a dark time should fall upon the house. Wang knew that this would be the downfall of the house, so he bought the land from the house. After the House of Hwang fell, the House of Wang came to power. Wang kept in mind his whole life that without the good earth, he was nothing. Wang worried when he noticed that his sons lacked his love for the land. Wang was disturbed to think that when he passed away his sons would sell the land, and his family would succumb to the same fate of the Hwang house; as shown on page 37 when Wang said, â€Å"Sell their land!...Then indeed are they growing poor. Land is one’s flesh and blood†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opium usage was a major role in the downfall of the Hwang house. The Old Mistress was heavily addicted to the drug, and in her desire for the drug, she drove her house â€Å"into the ground†. On page 39, Wang was paying the Gate Keeper for the land he was purchasing and the Gate Keeper said â€Å"Here is enough for a few days of opium for the old lady, at any rate†. For the House of Wang, opium became almost a relief for Wang when he devised his plan to rid his family of his Uncle and his wife. He could not cast out his Uncle because he was providing protection from marauders. Keeping this in mind, Wang then gave his Uncle and the Uncle’s wife some opium hoping that they would Good Earth :: essays research papers In the book The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, the fall of the House of Hwang and the rise of the Wang family was shown. The story completed a â€Å"circle of life†, with Wang being the center of the circle. While Wang at first was intimidated, he also looked down on the House of Hwang, he soon found that when his family became rich, his house fell onto some of the same â€Å"curses†. In both houses, a lack of love for the land was highly noticeable (except for Wang Lung), opium was used, slaves were bought and sold even though Wang first opposed slaves, and the future heirs wished to sell the land for money but at the same time lose their support for if the house should fall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the House of Hwang was in power, Wang noticed how they had a complete lack of love for the earth. They had to constantly sell pieces of land to pay their immediate debts, but by doing this they gave away their support if a dark time should fall upon the house. Wang knew that this would be the downfall of the house, so he bought the land from the house. After the House of Hwang fell, the House of Wang came to power. Wang kept in mind his whole life that without the good earth, he was nothing. Wang worried when he noticed that his sons lacked his love for the land. Wang was disturbed to think that when he passed away his sons would sell the land, and his family would succumb to the same fate of the Hwang house; as shown on page 37 when Wang said, â€Å"Sell their land!...Then indeed are they growing poor. Land is one’s flesh and blood†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opium usage was a major role in the downfall of the Hwang house. The Old Mistress was heavily addicted to the drug, and in her desire for the drug, she drove her house â€Å"into the ground†. On page 39, Wang was paying the Gate Keeper for the land he was purchasing and the Gate Keeper said â€Å"Here is enough for a few days of opium for the old lady, at any rate†. For the House of Wang, opium became almost a relief for Wang when he devised his plan to rid his family of his Uncle and his wife. He could not cast out his Uncle because he was providing protection from marauders. Keeping this in mind, Wang then gave his Uncle and the Uncle’s wife some opium hoping that they would

Antibacterial Soap Causes Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Essay -- Expos

     Ã‚   The next time you are in your kitchen, look at the area where you prepare food.   Do you wonder how many disease-causing bacteria could be living there?   There most certainly are some.   But don't let that image drive you to throw down this magazine and run for the antibacterial cleanser under the sink.   Right now it is pretty tough for those bacteria to make it into your body and begin wreaking havoc, because there just aren't enough of them right there in your kitchen.   But TV commercials for antibacterial cleansers would have you believe otherwise.   Those cheery soccer moms want you to be so afraid of the bacteria living in your kitchen that you make sure to buy their product-the one that "kills 99.9% of bacteria."   Now, it's true that bacteria can cause illness, and as humans we are often at odds with bacteria, but we just can't kill them all.   If we try, we could see our plans backfire and send ourselves into a new and precarious future of disease.    To understand how, we simply need to take a look at how bacteria have become rapidly resistant to antibiotics, and we see a story unfolding that begins with penicillin as an attack on disease and now has become a Frankenstein's monster of sorts.    Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been widely available and frequently prescribed, and consequently our overuse of and dependence on antibiotics has left us powerless against new, stronger bacterial species capable of causing life-threatening illnesses, such as tuberculosis. In their valiant effort to create safe, disease free environments, hospitals have unwittingly contributed to the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.   Although these "superbacteria" are now found mainly in hospitals, a new wave of household pr... ...w think of your own kitchen.   You have the power to keep it as close to the memory of your childhood as you wish. By restricting our use of antibacterial products, we can keep our houses-and our children's houses-safe. But by attempting to wipe out all bacteria and live germfree, we will catapult ourselves into a dark and uncertain future, where our best cure has become our worst poison.    Notes 1. "News Release Archive for 1999," the Soap and Detergent Association web site, 22 May 2014 <http://www.sdahq.org/about/archive99.html#triclosan>.    2. Joseph B. Verrengia, "Some Soaps May Aid Drug Resistance," AP Online. 6 August 2014, 16 June 2014 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/ >; see also Barbara Ingham, "September 2014 Newsletter," Food Facts for You! 20 June 2014 www.uwex.edu/ces/flp/specialists/ingham/sep2014.html 3. Verrengia.

How Permanent Are Permanet Markers

For my science fair project, I figured out what solvent would work best to erase permanent marker. The solvents I tested were: lemon juice, vinegar, water, and rubbing alcohol. I tried each of these solvents on a permanent marker line on plastic, paper, fabric, and wood. In this research paper, I will be talking about what a permanent marker is, how they are made, why they work so well, what rubbing alcohol is and its common uses, what vinegar is and its common uses, what water is and why water is so essential, and what exactly lemon juice is.I will also be talking about how plastic is made, how fabric is made, how wood is made, and how paper is made. A permanent marker is a type of writing utensil that is used to create permanent lines on almost any surface. The ink of a permanent marker is water resistant, contains propanol, butanol, diacetone alcohol, and different dye colorings, and can vary between all colors from black to yellow. The process of creating a Sharpie permanent mark er is not very long or complicated. First, the barrel of the marker is molded out of a plastic resin.Screen printing is added to the barrel, including information such as the description of the color of the ink and the Sharpie logo. A filament made out of cotton material is used to hold in the ink as it is inserted into the barrel. A needle is used to inject the permanent ink from the opposite end of the barrel. Then the writing tip is applied. The cap is placed on the Sharpie marker and the permanent ink is slowly absorbed into the tip of the marker. The Sharpie is the most popular permanent marker company worldwide.The brand â€Å"Sharpie† was founded in 1857 and sold ink and glue. Any permanent marker’s ink must contain three ingredients to work. These ingredients are colorant, carrier, and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink its color. Colorants in permanent markers are often pigments, instead of dyes, because pigments fade less easily and do not bleed throug h paper. Dyes are soluble in water, whereas pigments are not. Dyes cannot withstand light as long as pigments can, although dyes are generally available in a wider spectrum of colors.Carriers are what transmit the dye to the paper. They must be able to evaporate quickly once the ink is used. Carriers used to be made up of chemicals such as xylene and toluene, but were vastly replaced by alcohol-based markers in the 1990s. The resin is what causes the ink to stick to a surface. It must have a â€Å"sticky† quality. The resin forms a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates. The reason that permanent marker works is because permanent ink soaks into a surface, whereas regular erasable ink does not soak into surfaces, but binds to surfaces.Permanent ink is made with resins and dyes dissolved in glycol and water. The ink dries when the glycol or water evaporates and it soaks into the surface, leaving a permanent mark. There are ways to effectively remove ink from permanen t markers. Alcohol will work to erase permanent marker on almost any surface. Many items, such as hairspray or deodorant, contain alcohol and could effectively erase permanent marker. Baking soda is another well-known permanent marker remover. Vinegar was one of the solvents I experimented with. Vinegar is the product of the fermentation of ethanol.The very slow fermentation process can take weeks or even months and occurs naturally. With a machine to help promote oxygenation, however, fermentation can be as quick as a few days. The typical pH of vinegar can range from 2 to 3. 5. Vinegar can be used for many things, such as a cooking ingredient or condiment, it can be used for household cleaning, it has medicinal properties, and it even has agricultural applications. Lemon juice was another solvent I experimented with. Lemon juice is exactly what it sounds like. It is lemon juice squeezed from a lemon.Lemon juice has similar nutritional values as the whole lemon. Lemon juice is an e xcellent source of Vitamin C and can help your body against harmful germs and bacteria. Lemons are also antioxidants and can help the brain and nerve cells as well as having calcium to help your bones and teeth. The solvent that worked best in my experiment was rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a denatured alcohol especially used as an antiseptic. It can also be used to cool, warm, or soothe skin. It can inflame the skin and if ingested, may potentially be fatal.Rubbing alcohol consists of 2 ingredients: isopropyl alcohol and water. In fact, rubbing alcohol consists of so much isopropyl alcohol (70%) that it is often referred to just as isopropyl alcohol. Water was the final solvent that I used in my experiment. Water is essential for anything and everything. Human beings need water to stay hydrated and survive. All living creatures need water to stay hydrated and survive. Everyone uses water every day; whether it’s to shower, brush their teeth, to drink, swim, wash their h ands, or to water plants.Seventy percent of the world is made up of water. Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and is often referred to as H2O. The H2 stands for the 2 oxygen atoms and the O stands for oxygen. Water can be a liquid, solid, or gas. Water in its regular state is a liquid, can be frozen to form ice, which is a solid, or boiled at 100 ° C to evaporate it and turn it into water vapour, which is a gas. Plastic was one of the surfaces I used in my experiment. Plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means fit for moulding.Plastic is made using a long and complicated process. First, petroleum is drilled and transported to a refinery. Then, crude oil and natural gas are refined into many petrochemical products such as fuel for your car, ethylene, and propylene. Catalyst is combined with ethylene in a reactor, resulting in polymer, a powdered material. Afterwards, the polymer is combined with additives in a blender. The polymer is put in an extr uder, where it gets melted. The melted plastic is now cooled and a machine cuts the plastic into small pellets. The pellets are shipped to industries.The industries manufacture plastic products by melting the pellets to a semifluid state, putting it in a mould under great pressure, and hardening it. The mould opens and the product is completed except for detail work. Another surface that I used in my experiment was paper. To make paper, first trees are specially harvested like crops for the purpose of making paper. Logs of wood are put through a machine that takes off all the bark on the tree. Then, wood chippers cut the wood into 1 inch bits and the bits are put inside a pressure cooker with chemicals and water.The pulp is then washed, refined, cleaned, and turned to slush in a machine that beats the pulp. Color dyes, coatings, and other substances are mixed in and the slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. The water is drained away on the screen and is recycled. The web of slu sh is rolled between large rollers to remove a large amount of the excess water and to ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The resulting product is run through heated drying rollers to remove all of the remaining water. The completed paper is wound into large rolls, which can measure up to 30 feet wide.A slicer cuts the paper into small, more manageable rolls. The paper is now ready for use. Wood was the third surface I used in my experiment. The process for making wood is quite simplistic. First, logging companies cut trees down and bring them to a mill. There, they are prepared for particular uses. Machines cut the logs into boards and are sealed or pressure-treated to preserve them. Then the boards are either sold through a lumberyard or sold directly to companies which need them. Fabric was the final surface that I tested the removal of permanent marker on. Cotton fabric also has a lengthy process.First, the ginning, which is the method of separating cotton fibres from seed pods. This is done by machines in a cotton field. Then, the cotton fibre is spun. Yarn is produced from spinning cotton fibre. In this stage, the cotton yarns are made of different thicknesses. Afterwards, a machine weaves threads of yarn, which eventually turn them into cloth after weaving many threads together. Now, the cloth is basically constructed, but must go through some detail work. First, the cloth goes through singeing, which is the process that burns off excess fibres sticking from the goods.Then, the cloth goes through scouring, which is the cleaning of the fabric. Then, some fabrics are bleached to make it a lighter colour. Mercerizing, which is the dipping of fabric in alkali to make it stronger, shiny, durable, shrink free, and stretch free, comes next. Finally, the fabric is treated with chemicals to make it more durable, and it is shipped off to companies that will either use or sell it. Vinegar, water, lemon juice, and rubbing alcohol all have many uses around the house, but when it comes to erasing permanent marker, rubbing alcohol definitely beat the rest.

Reflection of Educational Philosophy

More than ever, teachers have myriad of decisions to make in their classrooms. Naturally, they have to determine curricula, how to rate the students on their work and the specific grades to give to each pupil. However, a teacher's responsibility goes far beyond this. They must decide what other skills would be helpful, or even essential, to live in this fast-paced global environment. Beyond the academics, students need education in intercommunication, diversity and multiculturalism, time management, critical thinking, creativity and expression, and multi-tasking. Many students also need self-esteem building, stress reduction methods, psychological support and just a caring, nonjudgmental hand of support. According to the class readings, educational philosophy reflects the personal values/principles that guide teachers in making choices in their classroom. To determine these choices, they should take into consideration the nature of reality (metaphysics); the study of knowledge that has been disclosed to man by God (revealed); knowledge that is confirmed trough the senses (empirical); knowledge that is accepted as true because it comes form noted experts in their respective fields (authoritative); knowledge that comes from within (intuitive); the study of objective or subjective values; permanent and unchanging values (absoluteness of values) as well the hierarchy of values. My hope is that I will have a broad educational philosophy based on my personal and religious values that guides me in the long run, but, at the same time, the ability to see each child as an individual who has his/her unique needs. Each student exists in a different reality of circumstances, is surrounded by and reacts to different sensual stimulation, learns accepted knowledge at a varied pace and aptitude, and has a special mindset and internal belief system. A teacher should not compare students based on their talents or abilities-each child is special in his/her own way. The pupil's strengths should be encouraged and their challenges improved. I believe that the students of today must learn their academics. That goes without saying. However, above all else it is essential to instill within them respect for others and themselves, the ability to manage change, and the patience to accept temporary setbacks. As they get older, their life decisions will become increasingly difficult. With a strong foundation of self-worth and the ability to respect the differences and needs of others, it is hoped that they can make the decisions that are best for them and their world at large.